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		<title>关系代词(用来引导定语从句的词语)</title>
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					<description><![CDATA[关系代词用来引导定语从句。它代表先行词，同时在从句中作一定的句子成分。关系代词有主格，宾格和属格之分，并有指人与指物之分。 语法概念 关系词通常是用来引导定语从句的,但as,tha...]]></description>
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<p>关系代词用来引导定语从句。它代表先行词，同时在从句中作一定的句子成分。关系代词有主格，宾格和属格之分，并有指人与指物之分。</p>
</article>
<p><img decoding="async" src="https://www.aitaocui.cn/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/20220828_630bb662250b3.jpg" /></p>
<article>
<h1>语法概念</h1>
<div></div>
<p>关系词通常是用来引导定语从句的,但as,than和but这三个词却与which,who,that,where,when和why等典型的关系词不同｡三者本身具有常见的字面意义,前面有名词作先行词,但后面的定语从句却不像典型的定语从句｡这些既像连接词又像关系词的词,我们就姑且称它们为准关系词｡下面对其逐个作一分析:</p>
<h2 id="a-0a709acf">一､as作为准关系代词出现在the same &#8230; as, such &#8230; as,和as &#8230; as等结构中｡这时,as前面通常要有名词;as后面的从句意义上不像是通常的定语从句;as需要在从句中充当一定的句子成分｡</h2>
<p>1. the same &#8230; as </p>
<p>1) as在从句中作主语</p>
<p>She is the same person as came here last Sunday. 她就是上星期天来这儿的那个人｡</p>
<p>2) as在从句中作宾语</p>
<p>This is the same watch as I lost while I was doing the sightseeing in Shanghai three months ago. 这块表跟我三个月前在上海观光时丢失的那块一样｡</p>
<p>3) as在从句中作be动词的表语</p>
<p>China is not the same country as it used to be. 中国已今非昔比｡</p>
<p>4) as在从句中作行为方式状语</p>
<p>You should learn to do housework in the same way as your mother does it. 你应该学会像你母亲那样做家务活｡</p>
<p>2. such &#8230; as </p>
<p>1) as在从句中作主语</p>
<p>Let children read such books as tend to make them better and brighter. 让孩子看那些容易让他们变得更好更聪明的书｡</p>
<p>2) as在从句中作宾语</p>
<p>This is not such an interesting book as you just talked about. 这不是你们刚才谈到的那种有趣的书｡</p>
<p>3) as在从句中作be动词的表语</p>
<p>Such a bad man as he is will be punished. 像他这样的坏人一定会受到惩罚｡ </p>
</p>
<p>3.as &#8230; as</p>
</p>
<p>1) 第二个as在从句中作主语</p>
<p>He has as much money as is required. 他要多少钱就有多少钱｡</p>
<p>2) 第二个as在从句中作宾语</p>
<p>I have as many friends as you (do). 我的朋友和你的朋友一样多｡</p>
<p>3) 第二个as在从句中作be动词的表语</p>
<p>As is known to all, Taiwan is one of the Chinese provinces。众所周知,台湾是中国的一个省｡</p>
<h2 id="a-c03d1f88">二､than作为准关系词出现在more &#8230;than, less &#8230;than,fewer &#8230; than等结构中｡这时,than前面要有名词; than本身有比较意义,而且需要在从句中充当一定的句子成分｡</h2>
<p>1.than在从句中作主语</p>
<p>Take it casy; I have more money than is needed. 放心,我的钱比所需要的还多</p>
<p>2.than在从句中作宾语</p>
<p>I have more/fewer books than you (do). 我的书比你的多/少｡</p>
<p>3.than在从句中作be动词的表语</p>
<p> He is a better boy than you (are). 他是一个比你更好的男孩｡</p>
<h2 id="a-1d151376">三､but作为准关系词 本身含有否定意义,它前面的主句还有另一个否定意义｡这时but在意义上相当于“who&#8230;not &#8230;”或“which/that &#8230; not &#8230;”｡</h2>
<p>1.定语从句中有be动词,并将其改为含but的复合句时,be动词后面不能再有not</p>
<p>There is no one who is not conccrned about his future. (= There is no one but is concerned about his future.) 没有人不关心自己的未来｡</p>
<p>2.定语从句中有can,will,shall,must,may,should,ought to等助动词或情态动词,在将其改为含but的复合句时,这些助动词或情态动词后面不能再有not</p>
<p>There is nothing that she can’t do. (= There is nothing but she can do.) 没有她做不到的事｡</p>
<p>3. 定语从句中有助动词do, does, did, 在将其改为含but的复合句时,应去掉do, does, did, 还原其后动词的时态及人称变化</p>
<p>There is no one who doesn’t wish to make great achievements. (= There is no one but wishes to make great achievements.) 谁都希望自己将来能有所成就｡</p>
<h1>用法</h1>
<h2 id="a-0f2088e7">一、关系代词的用法</h2>
</p>
<p>当先行词指人时，若它在从句中作主语，则用who；若它在从句作宾语，则用whom或who；若它在从句中作定语，则用whose。如：</p>
</p>
<p>The man who told me this refused to tell me his name. 告诉我这事的人不肯告诉我他的名字。</p>
</p>
<p>The woman whose umbrella you took is very angry about it. 你拿了那个女人的伞，她非常生气。</p>
</p>
<p>当先行词指物时，若在定语从句中作主语或宾语，则用which；若它在定语从句中作定语用，则用of which或whose。如：</p>
</p>
<p>I saw something in the paper which might interest you. 我在报上看到一样可能使你感兴趣的东西。</p>
</p>
<p>He’s written a book the name of which (whose name) I’ve forgotten. 他写了一本书，书名我给忘了。</p>
<h2 id="a-ad287b51">二、关系副词的用法</h2>
</p>
<p>关系副词主要有when, where, why等，在定语从句中作状语，分别表示时间、在点和原因。when主要放在time, day, years, season, age, occasion等时间的名词后；where主要放在place, city, town, village, house等地点名词后；why则通常只放在reason后。</p>
</p>
<p>Wednesday is the day when the shops are not open in the afternoon.星期三下午商店不开门。</p>
</p>
<p>Give me one reason why we should help you. 给我举出一个我们应当帮助你的理由。</p>
</p>
<p>要特别注意，activity, case, point, even, situation, job, organization, position等抽象名词后接where引导定语从句的用法(这是近几年高考的一个新热点)。如：</p>
</p>
<p>I don’t want a job where I’m chained to a desk all day. 我不想找一份整天坐办公桌前的工作。</p>
</p>
<p>Today, we’ll discuss a number of cases where beginners of English fail to use the language properly. 今天，我们将讨论一些英语初学者对英语使用不当的问题。</p>
</p>
<p>The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point where he can walk correctly and safely. 治疗将会持续到病人可以正常且安全地行走。</p>
</p>
<p>If you risk something important, you cause it to be in a dangerous situation where you might lose it. 你如果拿重要的东西去冒险，那你就是将它置于一种可能会失去它的危险境地。</p>
<h2 id="a-b0d271bd">关系代词that的用法</h2>
</p>
<p>1）不用that的情况</p>
</p>
<p>a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时 (错)　The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.</p>
<p>b) 介词后不能用 We depend on the land from which we get our food.</p>
<p>2) 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况</p>
<p>a)在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。</p>
</p>
<p>b)在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。</p>
</p>
<p>c)先行词有the only, the very修饰时，只用that。</p>
</p>
<p>d)先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。</p>
</p>
<p>e)先行词既有人，又有物时。</p>
</p>
<p>Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。</p>
<h2 id="a-70f910ed">不能用关系代词Which的几种情况</h2>
<p>1.当先行词为all, little, much, few, everything, none 等不定代词时关系代词用that而不用which.</p>
<p>There are few books that you can read in this book store.</p>
<p>2.当先行词既有人又有物时,关系代词用that, 不用which.</p>
<p>He asked about the factories and workers that he had visited.</p>
<p>3.当先行词有形容词最高级修饰时,关系代词用that, 而不用which.</p>
<p>Guilin is one of the most beautiful cities that I have ever visited.</p>
<p>4.当先行词有序数词修饰时,关系代词用that,不用which.</p>
<p>The first sight that was caught at the Great Wall has made a lasting impression on him.</p>
<p>5.当先行词被the only, the very, the same, the right等修饰时,关系代词用that,不用which.</p>
<p>It is the only book that he bought himself.</p>
<p>6.当先行词被all, every, any, much, little, few, no等修饰时,关系代词用that,不用which.</p>
<p>There is no clothes that fit you here.</p>
<div></div>
<p>7.当主句是以which开头的特殊问句时,定语从句关系代词一般用that而不用which.</p>
<p>Which of the books that had pictures was worth reading?</p>
<p>8.在强调句型&quot; It is &#8230; that &#8230;&quot; 中,只用that,不用which.</p>
</p>
<p>It is in this room that he was born twenty years ago.</p>
</p>
<p>9.在&quot; such (the same) &#8230; as &#8230;&quot; 句型中,关系代词要用as,而不用which.</p>
</p>
<p>We need such materials as (not which) can bear high temperature.</p>
</p>
<p>10.表示&quot;正如&#8230; 那样&quot;,&quot;正象&#8230;&quot;之意时,用as,不用which.</p>
</p>
<p>Mary was late again, as had been expected.</p>
</p>
<p>11.As引导的定语从句可以放在主句前面,也可以放在主句后面或主句中间,而由which引导的定语从句只能放在主句后面。 </p>
</p>
<p>As we all know, oceans cover more than 70% of the earth.</p>
</p>
<p>used to/be used to的分别</p>
<p>used to+do：&quot;过去常常&quot;表示过去习惯性的动作或状态，但如今已不存在。</p>
<p>Mother used not to be so forgetful.</p>
<p>be used to + doing： 对……已感到习惯，或&quot;习惯于&quot;，to是介词，后需加名词或动名词。 </p>
<p>Scarf is used to taking a walk.(现在习惯于散步)</p>
<p>used to的用法（否定式简写为usedn&#x27;t）过去经常，以前常常</p>
<p>This used to be a shabby house. （此房年久失修）</p>
<p>used to,would这两个词语都可以表示过去常做某事，有时可以换用。used to do强调整过去习惯性的行为或状态，但是现在没有这种行为或状态了。因此，这个短语的内涵是今昔对比。</p>
<h2 id="a-c8163db3">关系代词的不可省略和可以省略</h2>
<p>1.关系代词which,whom,who,that在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略。</p>
</p>
<p>Here is the man (who/that/whom)you&#x27;re been looking for.</p>
</p>
<h2 id="a-47155584">以下情况不能省略</h2>
<p>（1）在介词+whom与介词+which中，whom,which不能省略。</p>
<p>That is the headmaster with whom my father was talking just now.</p>
<p>（2）在非限制性定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词也不能省略。</p>
<p>The elephant is like a spear,as anybody can see.</p>
<p>（3）在the same &#8230;as,such&#8230;as,as&#8230;as,the same&#8230;that中，as,that即使作宾语，也不能省略I have bought the same bicycle as you have (bought).(指同类用as)</p>
<p>This is the same book that I read the day before yesterday.(that指同一个)</p>
<p>（4）当由and,but,or等连词连接两个或两个以上的定语从句修饰一个先行词时，第一个关系代词可省，但第二，第三个不可省略。</p>
<p>This is the book (which) I read yesterday and which I find very interesting.</p>
<p>2.当that在从句中作补语时可以省略。</p>
<p>She is all (that) a teacher should be.</p>
<p>3.在there be 结构中出现定语从句，或在定语从句中出现there be时，用作主语的关系代词也可省略。</p>
<p>This is the best dictionary (that) there is in the library.</p>
<h2 id="a-d2de0236">状语的省略</h2>
<p>（1）当先行词是reason，而且定语从句中作原因状语时，关系代词可用why,that,也可以省略。</p>
<p>That is the reason (why) I did it.</p>
<p>（2）当先行词是way,且在定语从句中作方式状语时，关系代词可用in which,that,也可以省略。</p>
<p>I don&#x27;t know the way that/ which leads to the top of the mountains.</p>
<p>(3)当先行词是time时，关系代词可用when,that 或省略。</p>
<p>I don&#x27;t know the exact time (when/that) the sports meet will take place.</p>
<p>注意：关系代词作宾语有时也不能省略。</p>
<h1>特殊代词</h1>
<p>but，as，than作关系代词引导定语从句</p>
<p>but既可指人，也可指物，常在定语从句中充当主语。but本身含&quot;否定&quot;的意思，其作用相当于&quot;that /which /who．．．not&quot;。它前面的主句通常有&quot;否定&quot;的词（如：no，not， little，few，hardly等）。but引导的肯定定语从句和否定的主句连用，达到强烈肯定的修饰效果。例如： There is no mother but loves her own children．（=There is no mother that/who does not love her own children．）没有不爱自己孩子的母亲。</p>
<p>as既可指人，也可指物，常在限制性定语从句中充当主、宾、表语。as引导的定语从句的先行词前面常有as /such /the same等修饰词。例如： ①He is as brave a man as ever lived．他是世界上最勇敢的人。 ②Don’tread such books as are not worth reading．不要读那些不值得读的书。 as作关系代词，还可用来引导非限制性定语从句，as引导的定语从句可放在句首、句中或句末。例如： ① Taiwan，as we all know，is an inseparable part of China． ②As we all know，Taiwan is an inseparable part of China． ③Taiwan is an inseparable part of China， as we all know．</p>
<p>than既可指人，也可指物，可作关系代词来引导定语从句。than前通常有表比较的词。例如：Fewer friends than we had expected came to our evening party．来参加晚会的朋友比我们预料的还要少。</p>
<p>在使用上述三个特殊的关系代词时，还要注意区分下列两个词组： 1．&quot;such．．．that．．．&quot;表&quot;如此……以致……&quot;的意思，用来引导一个结果状语从句；而&quot;such．．．as．．．&quot;表&quot;像……这（那）样&quot;的意思，用来引导定语从句，as在定语从句中充当主、宾、表语等。试比较下列两个句子： ① He is such an honest man that we respect him．他是一个如此诚实的人以致我们都尊敬他。 ② He is such an honest man as we respect．他像我们所尊敬的那种诚实的人。 2．&quot;the same．．．that．．．&quot;表同一人或物，而&quot;the same．．．as．．．&quot;表同种类的东西。试比较下列两个句子： ①This is the same book that I lost．这就是我丢失的那一本书。（指同一本书） ②This is the same book as I lost．我丢失的那一本书一模一样。（并不是原来的那一本）</p>
<h1>语法注意</h1>
<h2 id="a-3a93305f">1.常用that不用which的情况:</h2>
<p>1）先行词为all, anything, everything, nothing, something等时。</p>
<p>I will do all (that) I can to help you。</p>
<p>2）先行词被序数词、形容词最高级或the only, the very等所修饰时。</p>
<p> He was the only person that joined the army in his village that year.</p>
<p>3）先行词既有人,又有物时</p>
<p>They talked about the people and the things (that)they remembered in the school。</p>
<p>4）当主句是以who 或which开头的疑问句时, 定语从句用that 引导, 以避免重复。</p>
<p>Who is the boy that was here just now?</p>
<h2 id="a-1c072a37">2.若被修饰的名词充当从句介词宾语时</h2>
<p>介词可提前于引导词之前,此时的引导词只能用whom 或which。</p>
<p>The pencil with which he was writing broke。</p>
<h2 id="a-84910b71">3.当先行词为way时</h2>
<p>其后的定语从句用in which或 that引导,也可不用引导词。</p>
<p>I don’t like the way (in which/that) he talks to me。</p>
</p>
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</rss>
