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	<title>英语发音规则</title>
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		<title>英语发音规则(国际音标应用在英语的一般情况的归纳)</title>
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					<description><![CDATA[英语发音规则，即将国际音标应用在英语的一般情况的归纳。可供外企、国际商务、导游等诸多职业人士用作参考。本词条以英式公认发音（Received pronunciation）为主线，给...]]></description>
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<article>
<p>英语发音规则，即将国际音标应用在英语的一般情况的归纳。可供外企、国际商务、导游等诸多职业人士用作参考。本词条以英式公认发音（Received pronunciation）为主线，给出英文拼写和英语发音之间的对应关系。</p>
</article>
<article>
<h1>元音字母开音节和闭音节中的读音</h1>
<h2 id="a-3dc4d5ea">a</h2>
<p>①在开音节中/eɪ/name,plane,Jane,baby,cake</p>
<p>②在闭音节中/æ/bag,dad,hat,map,black,back</p>
<h2 id="a-e667ead9">e</h2>
<p>①在开音节中/i:/he,these,me,Chinese</p>
<p>②在闭音节中/e/bed,let,pen,desk,yes,egg</p>
<h2 id="a-cce393ef">i</h2>
<p>①在开音节中/aɪ/bike,drive,time,nice,kite</p>
<p>②在闭音节中/ɪ/fish,big,drink,sit,milk,swim</p>
<h2 id="a-11b79f79">o</h2>
<p>①在开音节中/əʊ/those,close,go,hoe,home,no</p>
<p>②在闭音节中/ɒ/clock,not,box,shop,sock</p>
<h2 id="a-04de4149">u</h2>
<p>①在开音节中</p>
<p>i./ju:/student,excuse,duty,Tuesday</p>
<p>ii.元音字母u在辅音字母j，l，r，s后面时读/u:/音，例如：June，blue，ruler，super。</p>
<p>②在闭音节中/ʌ/bus,cup,jump,much,lunch</p>
<h1>元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音</h1>
<h2 id="a-1662ba86">a</h2>
<p>①在/w/音后面/ɒ/want,what,watch,wash,quality</p>
<p>②在f，n，sk，ph，sp，ss，st，th前/α:/after,plant,ask,grasp,glass,fast,father</p>
<h2 id="a-71839311">i</h2>
<p>在-nd，-ld和gh前/aɪ/find,child,light,high</p>
<h2 id="a-bfb7a9e1">o</h2>
<p>①在-st，-ld前/əʊ/most,postcard,old,cold</p>
<p>②在m，n，v，th前/ʌ/come,monkey,love,mother</p>
<h1>元音字母在非重读音节中的读音</h1>
<h2 id="a-9fdda525">a</h2>
<p>/ə/China,another,woman,breakfast</p>
<p>动词中的a如果处在开音节位置，a读/eɪ/音，例如：operate，a处在开音节位置</p>
<h2 id="a-03b60b34">e</h2>
<p>/ə/hundred,student,open,weekend,chicken,children</p>
<h2 id="a-7ea0ffdf">i</h2>
<p>①/ɪ/holiday,beautiful,family,animal</p>
<p>②/aɪ/exercise,satellite</p>
<h2 id="a-41fd2f01">o</h2>
<p>①/ə/second,tonight,somebody,welcome</p>
<p>②/əʊ/also,zero,photo</p>
<h2 id="a-8af73cd2">u</h2>
<p>①/ə/autumn,difficult</p>
<p>②/ju:/popular,congratulation,January</p>
<p>③在辅音字母j,l,r,s后面时，读/ʊ/或/u:/音，例如：July，influence，February，issue。</p>
<p>在非重读音节中，许多单词中的元音字母a，e，i既可以读/ə/的音，也可以读/ɪ/的音。</p>
<h1>-r音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音</h1>
<h2 id="a-937c2fdb">ar</h2>
<p>①/α:/car,farm,dark,sharpener</p>
<p>②在/w/音后面/ɔ:/warm,quarter,towards</p>
<h2 id="a-0c6167ab">or</h2>
<p>①/ɔ:/forty morning short</p>
<p>②/ɜ:/word worker worse</p>
<h2 id="a-7e09ee9a">er，ir，ur</h2>
<p>/ɜ:/certainly bird Thursday</p>
<p>注：①辅音字母r双写时，前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音。例如：carry，sorry，hurry。②-r音节在非重读音节中通常读/ə/音，例如：dollar，teacher，martyr，forget，Saturday。</p>
<h1>-re音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音</h1>
<h2 id="a-abb444e1">are</h2>
<p>/eə/care,dare,hare</p>
<h2 id="a-b831f5e2">ere</h2>
<p>/ɪə/here,mere</p>
<h2 id="a-ae132216">ire</h2>
<p>/aɪə/fire,hire,wire</p>
<h2 id="a-edb21233">ore</h2>
<p>/ɔ:/more,score,before</p>
<h2 id="a-a1652a70">ure</h2>
<p>/jʊə/pure,cure</p>
<h2 id="a-5291285e">-re</h2>
<p>/ə/centre,fibre,titre,meagre,saltpetre</p>
<h2 id="a-0c4eb6f8">注</h2>
<p>①are，ere，ire，ore很少出现在非重读音节中，ure在非重读音节中读/ə/音，例如：picture，pleasure。</p>
<p>②重读元音字母加r，再加非重读元字组时，重读元音字母应按-re音节拼读规则拼读，字母r读/r/音。例如：parent，zero，story，during，inspiring。</p>
<p>③另外，某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象。例如：orange，very，American，paragraph。</p>
<h1>元音字组在重读音节中的读音</h1>
<h2 id="a-83e37bca">ai，ay</h2>
<p>/eɪ/afraid,rain,wait,day,play</p>
<h2 id="a-3c6b4b65">air</h2>
<p>/eə/air,hair,chair,pair,repair</p>
<h2 id="a-b9e75664">al</h2>
<p>①在l,k前/ɔ:/small,ball,talk,wall,all,talk,</p>
<p>②/ɔ:l/always,also,salt,almost</p>
<p>③在f,m前/α:/half,calm</p>
<h2 id="a-adb55559">au，aw</h2>
<p>/ɔ:/autumn,daughter,draw</p>
<h2 id="a-ac3dca80">ea</h2>
<p>①/i:/teach,easy,cheap,please</p>
<p>②/e/heavy,bread,sweater,weather</p>
<p>③/eɪ/break,great</p>
<h2 id="a-8c3e4312">ear</h2>
<p>①/ɪə/hear,dear,near,clear,year</p>
<p>②/eə/bear,pear,wear,swear</p>
<p>③/ɜ:/earth,learn,early</p>
<h2 id="a-84f01b6e">ee</h2>
<p>/i:/jeep,week,green,three</p>
<h2 id="a-30185813">eer</h2>
<p>/ɪə/pioneer,deer,beer</p>
<h2 id="a-b1068214">ei，ey</h2>
<p>①/eɪ/eight,neighbour,they</p>
<p>②/i:/seize,key</p>
<h2 id="a-2d44b746">eu,ew</h2>
<p>①在j,l,r,s后/ju:/new,few,newspaper</p>
<p>②/u:/flew,brew,jewelry</p>
<h2 id="a-79fe1fcd">ie,ei</h2>
<p>/s/音之后/i:/piece,field,receive</p>
<h2 id="a-f74fa3ba">oa</h2>
<p>/əʊ/coat,Joan,boat,goal</p>
<h2 id="a-b94119a9">oar，oor</h2>
<p>/ɔ:/roar,board,door,floor</p>
<h2 id="a-f50515a1">oi，oy</h2>
<p>/ɔɪ/noise,point,boy,toilet</p>
<h2 id="a-4909df18">oo</h2>
<p>/u:/broom,food,tooth,school,zoo</p>
<p>/ʊ/book,look,cook,foot,good,football</p>
<h2 id="a-b562bb6e">ou，ow</h2>
<p>①/aʊ/flower,house,count,down</p>
<p>②/əʊ/know,row,throw,though</p>
<p>③/ʌ/young,country,enough</p>
<p>④/u:/group,soup</p>
<h2 id="a-b5dd5e68">our</h2>
<p>①/ɔ:/course,your,four</p>
<p>②/aʊə/our,hour,sour</p>
<p>③/ɜ:/journey</p>
<h2 id="a-9ed0d96b">oul</h2>
<p>/ʊ/would,should,could(主要是情态动词、助动词）</p>
<h2 id="a-8f220dbc">ui</h2>
<p>①在j，l，r，s后/ju:ɪ/fluid,suicide,tuition</p>
<p>②/u:/juice,fruit,suit</p>
<h1>非重读音节中元音字组和字群的读音</h1>
<h2 id="a-3cb21734">ai,ay,ei,ey</h2>
<p>/ɪ/foreign,monkey</p>
<h2 id="a-894cc509">ow</h2>
<p>/əʊ/yellow,sparrow,tomorrow</p>
<p>注：元音字组在非重读音节中通常读/ə/音或/ɪ/音。例如：serious，famous，biscuit，coffee，neighbour</p>
<h2 id="a-06417233">-sion，-tion</h2>
<p>①/ʃən/impression,nation</p>
<p>②在元音字母后/ʒən/vision,decision,occasion</p>
<p>③在s后/tʃən/question,suggestion</p>
<h2 id="a-e8346418">-isle</h2>
<p>/aɪl/aisle,Carlisle</p>
<h2 id="a-342ebc9b">-sten</h2>
<p>/sən/listen</p>
<h2 id="a-f2110907">-stle</h2>
<p>/sl/whistle</p>
<h2 id="a-da840fa5">-sure</h2>
<p>/ʒə/pleasure,mea</p>
<h2 id="a-df172a6f">-ture</h2>
<p>/tʃə/picture,culture</p>
<h1>元字组在复合词非重读音节中的读音</h1>
<p>复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号，但其中的元音字母或元音字组仍按重读音节拼读规则拼读。</p>
<p>例如：everyday/eɪ/，handbag/æ/，blackboard/ɔ:/。有些词随着语言的发展，前后两部分已失去其单独存在的意义，融合成一个词。</p>
<p>其中的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音。例如：holy（神圣）+day/eɪ/（日子）=holiday/ɪ/（假日）：break（中断）+fast/α:/（斋戒）=breakfast/ə/（早餐）；cup（茶杯）+board/ɔ:/（木板）=cupboard/ə/（碗柜）。</p>
<h1>辅字组的读音</h1>
<h2 id="a-df86aa11">b</h2>
<p>①/b/bike,bus,bag</p>
<p>②/不发/bomb,tomb</p>
<h2 id="a-8e7fb8f0">c</h2>
<p>①在e前或在i,y前/s/face,decide,cinema</p>
<p>②其他情况/k/cake,picture,coat,music</p>
<p>③/tʃ/cello</p>
<h2 id="a-3307ef14">ch</h2>
<p>①/tʃ/much,chick,rich,teacher</p>
<p>②/k/school,headache,chemistry（主要为希腊外来词）</p>
<p>③/ʃ/machine,moustache（主要是法语外来词）</p>
<h2 id="a-8298d9a7">-ck</h2>
<p>[k]cock,pocket,black,knock</p>
<h2 id="a-1d03a7df">cz</h2>
<p>[tʃ]Czech</p>
<h2 id="a-aba5e6cc">d</h2>
<p>/d/doctor,bread,hand,day</p>
<h2 id="a-57261d5a">-dg(e)</h2>
<p>/dʒ/bridge,fridge</p>
<h2 id="a-80e3f983">dr-</h2>
<p>/dr/children,driver,drink</p>
<h2 id="a-537bad90">ds</h2>
<p>/dz/hands（主要用于可数名词复数）</p>
<h2 id="a-c821a602">f</h2>
<p>/f/five,four,breakfast</p>
<h2 id="a-1328ff75">g</h2>
<p>①/g/bag,garden,go</p>
<p>②/dʒ/orange,large,German</p>
<p>③/ʒ/genre,massage</p>
<h2 id="a-46139b1f">gh</h2>
<p>①/f/cough,enough</p>
<p>②/不发/light,daughter,high</p>
<h2 id="a-df91a3bc">gu-，-gue</h2>
<p>①/g/guess,league,dialogue(-gue在非重读音节中)</p>
<p>②/gw/language,anguish</p>
<h2 id="a-eefc629d">h</h2>
<p>①/h/hot,head,house,hand</p>
<p>②/不发/hour,honest</p>
<h2 id="a-565379d7">j</h2>
<p>①/dʒ/jeep,jar,joke,join,June</p>
<p>②/ʒ/Jacques（用于法国人名）</p>
<p>③/h/Juanita（用于西班牙人名）</p>
<h2 id="a-0c5dbd55">k</h2>
<p>/k/kind,bike,skate,make,week</p>
<h2 id="a-7ea7cdeb">kn-</h2>
<p>/n/knife,know,knock</p>
<h2 id="a-1c869c35">l</h2>
<p>①/l/life,lead,lot（出现在元音前面）</p>
<p>②/ɫ/milk,school,tall[出现在元音后面。可以出现在辅音前，也可出现在辅音后（词尾）]</p>
<h2 id="a-b15ceb86">m</h2>
<p>/m/monkey,come</p>
<h2 id="a-bac0983c">-mn</h2>
<p>/m/autumn,column,solemn</p>
<h2 id="a-104a6ecb">n</h2>
<p>①/n/not,shine,ten,note</p>
<p>②在/k/、/g/音前/ŋ/uncle,thank,hungry</p>
<h2 id="a-25e8e490">-ng</h2>
<p>/ŋ/morning,young,wrong</p>
<h2 id="a-de023bf6">p</h2>
<p>/p/paper,plane,pig,ship,pen</p>
<h2 id="a-88d2b3e7">ph</h2>
<p>/f/elephant,photo,telephone,graph</p>
<h2 id="a-334e4d57">q</h2>
<p>/k/Iraq</p>
<h2 id="a-61e34234">qu-</h2>
<p>/kw/quality,quite</p>
<h2 id="a-c31ba378">r</h2>
<p>/r/red,rubber,ruler</p>
<h2 id="a-ce756070">rz</h2>
<p>/ʒ/ Zabrze（扎布热）</p>
<h2 id="a-de0ce760">s</h2>
<p>①在词首、清辅音前/s/sit,sleep,desk</p>
<p>②元音字母间或浊辅音前/z/music,husband</p>
<h2 id="a-a2e011df">sc-</h2>
<p>①/sk/scarlet</p>
<p>②/s/muscle,science</p>
<h2 id="a-4bf8ceac">sch-</h2>
<p>/ʃ/schedule/英′ʃedju:l,美′skedʒul/</p>
<h2 id="a-9045dc56">sh</h2>
<p>/ʃ/she,fish,shirt,wash</p>
<h2 id="a-32bfc340">t</h2>
<p>①/t/ten,letter,meet</p>
<p>②在弱读字母ia,ie,io前/ʃ/patient,nation</p>
<h2 id="a-7d8acfc7">tch</h2>
<p>/tʃ/watch</p>
<h2 id="a-692c7c18">th</h2>
<p>①/θ/in,thirty,method</p>
<p>②/ð/the,these,with,than,clothe,father,weather（在冠词、代词、介词、连词中，以及在词尾-the，-ther中</p>
<h2 id="a-51027389">tr-</h2>
<p>/tr/tree,train,country,truck</p>
<h2 id="a-c31a2005">ts,tz</h2>
<p>/ts/Tsingtao(青岛),Tientsin(天津),pants（主要用于可数名词复数）</p>
<p>quartz,Hertz/英hə:z,美hə:rts/（用于德国人名）</p>
<h2 id="a-b2dfecc8">v</h2>
<p>/v/very,voice,love,leave</p>
<h2 id="a-4e2effd1">w</h2>
<p>①/w/week,win,wake,sweet,wait</p>
<p>②/不发/answer,two,sword</p>
<h2 id="a-96bd6830">wh-</h2>
<p>①/w/what,when,white,why</p>
<p>②在字母o前/h/who,whose,whole</p>
<h2 id="a-a178e133">wr-</h2>
<p>/r/write</p>
<h2 id="a-d09dd5d5">x</h2>
<p>①在重读元音前/ks/box,text,exercise</p>
<p>②/gz/example,exist,exact</p>
<p>③/z/xylophone</p>
<h2 id="a-84853836">y</h2>
<p>/j/yes,yard,yellow,young</p>
<h2 id="a-1cda33cc">z</h2>
<p>①/z/puzzle,zero,zoo</p>
<p>②/ʒ/azure</p>
<p>③/ts/pizza Nazi(意大利、德国外来词）</p>
<h2 id="a-e47c70cb">zh</h2>
<p>/ʒ/zhoosh</p>
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